Senior Professional in Human Resources (SPHR) Certification Practice Exam

Which of the following theories of motivation looks at how people compare their efforts with their rewards?

1. A. Equity

2. B. Intrinsic

3. C. Extrinsic

4. D. Systems

The correct answer is: A. Equity

The theory of motivation that focuses on how individuals assess their efforts in relation to the rewards they receive is known as equity theory. This concept posits that employees seek to maintain equity between the inputs they bring to a work environment (like effort, skill, and experience) and the outcomes they receive (such as salary, benefits, and recognition). When individuals perceive that their input-to-output ratio is comparable to that of others, they feel motivated and satisfied. Conversely, if they feel under-rewarded or over-rewarded compared to their peers, it can lead to feelings of frustration, demotivation, or even altered behaviors in the workplace as they strive to restore equity. In contrast, intrinsic motivation refers to the drive to engage in an activity for its own sake, driven by personal satisfaction or the inherent enjoyment of the task. Extrinsic motivation is tied to external rewards, such as pay, promotions, or other tangible benefits rather than personal or internal factors. Systems theory, while applicable in various contexts, deals more broadly with how different elements of an organization interrelate rather than focusing specifically on motivation and its ties to effort and reward comparison.